This concept map of Realism summarizes the cultural and literary movement that developed in the second half of the 19th century, aiming to portray reality objectively and impersonally. The study guide explores its connection with Positivism and introduces two major literary movements: French Naturalism, represented by Émile Zola and Guy de Maupassant, and Italian Verismo, with Giovanni Verga, Luigi Capuana and Federico De Roberto. It also examines themes such as poverty, workers' living conditions, marginalized people and rural life, together with the main features of the realist novel and its use of language close to everyday speech. A useful resource for studying and reviewing 19th-century literature.